Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1711 Words

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain we learn about a young boy named Huck Finn and his friend, a slave named Jim, and the adventure they embark on together. The entire book is written in first person dialect and is regarded as one of the most influential fictional writings in American literature. With its popularity comes much scrutiny as well, many feel that the book has a racist element due to the cruel language used throughout. The word â€Å"nigger† is used over 200 times leading to â€Å"skepticisms and disapproval from whites and, decades later, even harsher criticism from African Americans† (Fikes, 240). Mark Twain demonstrates throughout the book that people s morals and standards in society during that time period†¦show more content†¦When Huck embarks on his journey to help free Jim, he is aware of the social constraints around him, however he sometimes battled with the idea of turning his friend in, but ultimately wants to do the morally right thing. â€Å"A traditional interpretation of the moral conflicts experienced by Huckleberry Finn is that they arise from a clash between conscience and sympathetic feeling† (Shinkel, 511). I believe that because Huck was not easily influenced by society, it enabled him to develop a strong relationship and connection with Jim. Huck was brought up in a different manner than the stereotypical ways of the society around him and eventually chooses his individuality over everyone else’s expectations. Throughout the novel Huck does what he feels is right, regardless of what the popular choice would be. Although he doesn’t realize it, his own instincts are more of a moral compass than the beliefs of the society he lives in. The language used in the book could be criticized for its crudeness, but that’s not what keeps the reader engaged. It’s the excitement and unpredictability of the plot, and the heart felt story telling that keeps us reading. The dialect used in the book was accurate in portraying the people and culture of that time period, however the frank language and inclusion of the word â€Å"nigger† has led some to conclude that the book

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The New City of Culture Initiative - 748 Words

INTRODUCTION The objective of this report is to inform about the new City of Culture initiative and to outline what it means for Limerick City as a cultural location, now and in the future. Limerick City is the first city in Ireland to hold the title of National City of Culture, which was launched as part of a new cultural initiative by Minister for Arts and Heritage, Jimmy Deenihan, and the Government. A city in Ireland will be selected as a National City of Culture every two years, with the designation itself lasting a full calendar year. The aim of the initiative is to deliver a program of cultural events for that year with the hope that it will have a long-term positive effect on the chosen city. FINDINGS The appointment of Limerick as the first National City of Culture in 2014 is an important opportunity to enhance the city’s image. Following the launch of the initiative, Limerick City and County Councils brought together a team to deliver a high-quality program of events which lead to the appointment of the city as the City of Culture for 2014. Promoting knowledge and awareness of the culture in Limerick is an important part of cultural development, providing a link between the city’s past and future. Appreciation of the unique culture of Limerick leads to a sense of identity and belonging among the community. This, in turn, has a positive effect on the quality of life of the people of Limerick and the city’s visitors. Local artists, organisations and civic groupsShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Of A School Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages The culture of a school has a tremendous impact on the level of excellence within the academic institution. Like a dog who take s on the personality of its owner, staff and students respond to their environment. A school culture develops as a result of the combination of several factors. Interpersonal relations among students, staff, parents, and administration help foster a welcoming or bland atmosphere. Schools can range from a toxic environment in which there is little trust and creativityRead MoreEssay on Strategic Program Management Worksheet1683 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Program Management Worksheet IMPLEMENTING ORGANIZATIONAL INITIATIVES The purpose of this assignment is to begin the process of Problem Based Learning. In this step, you will be looking at one or more realistic situations and using them, in the context of this course, to identify the key concepts involved that you will need to understand in order to solve whatever problems you might encounter in those situations. Complete the table below by identifying at least five concepts that youRead MoreHousing First Initiative970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Housing First Initiative 1 The Housing First Initiative: A Plan to End Homelessness Lissa Sellew Introduction to Human Services, BSHS302 Therez Moya June 16, 2008 The Housing First Initiative 2 Abstract The Housing First Initiative is a systematic method to end and prevent the reoccurrence of homelessness. The ideology behind Housing First is that homeless participants focus on obtaining permanent housing as a first step and work towards achieving goals towardsRead MoreCultural Norms: Mexican-American Culture1445 Words   |  6 PagesMexican-American culture Customary practices within the culture Mexican-American culture has been characterized as a family-focused, community-oriented culture. Even second and third-generation Mexican-Americans place a higher value upon their relationships with others versus personal autonomy, in contrast with the dominant values of the United States. Living in extended family situations, or being influenced by extended family is much more common in Mexican culture than in other cultures. The core valuesRead MoreHolistic Urban Initiatives: Curitiba, Brazil Essay example1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Curitiba is globally recognized for its innovative urban strategies that have allowed the city to grow in a controlled and socially equitable manner. The unique political culture that drove the sweeping changes in Curitiba can be best described as a benevolent authoritarian regime. An authoritarian style of governance is not typically associated with comprehensive and inclusive urban planning, however the cast of characters that set the stage for comprehensive development worked as aRead MoreThe German Army During the Interwar Period Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge, and diffuses knowledge throughout the organization . Learning organizations have a leadership culture that leverages the experience and talents of its individuals in order to internally create knowledge and innovate. Immediately after World War I, the Commander in Chief of the German Army, General Von Seeckt, capitalized on the opportunity to change the culture of the Army’s officer corps during the drawdown process in accordance with the Versailles Treaty. Rather than retainingRead MoreHoneywell Fm T Is The Prime Government Contractor That Manages The Manufacturing Operations At The National Security Campus1273 Words   |  6 Pagesemphasis, is an entity in the Aerospace Division, known as, Federal Manufacturing and Technologies (FMT). Honeywell FMT is currently the prime government contractor that manages the manufacturing operations at the National Security Campus in Kansas City, MO and Albuquerque, NM. Honeywell FMT has been selected to operate the contract by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNS A) in order to provide safe and dependable products and solutions in support of national security programs, in theRead MoreThe Sustainability Website, And There Are Some Positive Things That Could Be Improved Upon1307 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing a number of different issues regarding communication of sustainability, and how UMass appears to be approaching those issues, as well as ways to improve our initiative. To begin with I would like to state that there is a difference between the dominant and ecological paradigm in the context of the sustainability initiative. The dominate paradigm is what values in a society that are most standard and widely held. Dominant paradigms are shaped both by the community s cultural backgroundRead MoreThe Earth Charter : A Declaration Of Fundamental Principles1460 Words   |  6 Pageshave a new sense of global interdependence and shared responsibility for the well-being of the humanity, life, and future generations. It is an urgent call for major social and economic change as well as an expression of hope. The principles in the Earth Charter were developed over a decade long, world-wide, multi-cultural study on common goals and shared values. The Earth Charter can also be viewed as a people’s treaty, because there was little interest among governments in negotiating new and strongerRead MoreEssay on In-Depth Audience Analysis1686 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Jacksonville, Florida’s Chamber of Commerce’s community profile depicts a city in position to grow and attract new business. The city’s site offers information that would appease its audience as well as provide necessary information for new or relocating businesses. An analysis of the site reveals there is room for improvement, but overall the Chamber’s site is well constructed. An analysis of the audience intended for the message’s receipt indicates the prospective audience are people

Friday, December 13, 2019

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Injustice) Free Essays

Analyze the different ways in which injustice is presented in Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry. We learn more about â€Å"injustice† as we read through Mildred D. Taylor’s novel: Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry. We will write a custom essay sample on Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Injustice) or any similar topic only for you Order Now This story reflects on an African American family facing dark and difficult times in Mississippi. Throughout the story, Mildred D. Taylor symbolizes hope and bravery for oneself when facing inequality. In the novel, the author emphasizes injustice throughout problematic stages in Mississippi. Through characters such as Cassie, Little Man and T. J, the author uses several language techniques: sensory imagery, figurative language and flashbacks, allowing the readers to reveal the theme, â€Å"injustice. † Cassie, the protagonist of the story is described as a tough, intelligent and courageous character, who will always stand up for herself and looks after her siblings and friends through all the ups and downs they face. Cassie first demonstrates her boldness as she protects her youngest brother, Little Man. She stands up for him in front of a teacher, despite knowing that she will face consequences. â€Å"Miz Crocker, don’t please! † This quote conveys how scared Cassie and her love towards her brother. Cassie also displays courageousness as she faces injustice at the Wallace’s store, where she is insulted and humiliated for no proper reason. â€Å"Who’s little nigger is this! Mildred D. Taylor uses short sentences and strong words to get straight to the point and speed up the suspense. Cassie demonstrates her intelligence through a ruse she had planned with her Uncle Hammer. She tries to seek revenge from a white, schoolgirl by pretending to be her friend, but afterwards she would teach her a lesson. â€Å"I yanked unmercifully on her long, loose hair. † The author uses sensory imagery to emphasize her Cassie’s violent act. How to cite Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Injustice), Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Election 2000 Essay Paper Example For Students

Election 2000 Essay Paper Election 2000Abortion, gun control, and social security reform are issues that everyone has an opinionon. Including politicians. Despite the pressures to be en vogue and stay in the public favor, these issues require Ralph Nader, Al Gore and George Bush to take a stand. Abortion takes into account moral, as well as social concerns. And, the question of governments power in influencing or dictating policies that affect those concerns. Social security, is a serious aspect of a growing number of elderly persons, as well as young professionals daily realities, and their election decisions. Ask any working American, the monies being siphoned out of their weekly paychecks with the ‘promise’ that it’ll be there for them when they are eligible, and they will tell you how serious they think it is. This topic also gives us the opportunity to see how well versed in economics the candidates are, or are not. Gun control is an issue on which everyone has an opinion. In this day in age where violence is not so far away from most communities, the question of whether people should have the right to bear arms is debated intensely. What our founding fathers had in mind when they wrote the constitution is a topic which puts our freedoms against public benefit. Abortion is an issue that is becoming a litmus test for office seekers these days with many women voters. To openly take a hard stance against abortion is to end a political career. As a congressman for Tennessee, Al Gore cast more votes against abortion and related policies. As he became a national figure he changed his position, and now claims he will do everything in his power to make sure Roe v. Wade does not get overturned. Now an advocate of a woman’s right to chose, he also opposes parental-notification laws and supports Medicaid funding of abortion! As the election near more people are reminded of the fact that two of the Supreme Court justices are retiring. Meaning new appointments could imbalance the court in favor of overturning Roe v. Wade. Al Gore has said he believes in a potential justices right to privacy, but that there are ways of assessing how they would interpret the constitution. And he feels that his appointments would uphold the landmark case. Governor B ush also would not hold appointees to a litmus test, but would make judicial appointment that are ‘strict constructionists’ in their interpretation of the constitution. Governor Bush opposes partial-birth abortions, as does Al Gore. However George W. is in favor of parental-notification, with fines for failure to notify parent/guardian at least 48 hrs. prior to abortion. Also to ban tax money spent on abortions, with exceptions for sexual abuse or physicians advisement. Bush is supportive of pro-life amendments but says he wouldn’t pursue them. Ralph Nader, the Green party candidate, has probably done the best at down playing this topic. He is pro-choice, but doesn’t acknowledge that there is a threat to Roe v. Wade, saying it’ll never be overturned. And like Al Gore supports the FDA’s decision to allow RU-486( abortion pill ), sighting it’s benefit that it’s preferable to surgical procedure. If the NRA could pick a candidate it would be Governor Bush. Although none of the hopefuls are in favor of more restrictions on handguns, he is the most consistent. Gore as a congressman was not opposed to them, but as Vice President changed tack completely. He is now in favor of cracking down on gun shows, banning junk guns( cheap guns used in many violent crimes ), limiting one gun to one person per month, and requiring manufacturers and retailers to report gun sales to state authority. The latter raising loud voices of right to privacy concerns. Other than that all sides are in agreement to ban assault weapons, large ammunition clips, and certain types of ammunition, such as armor piercing, high velocity, and ‘cop killers’. Ralph Nader has been advocating tougher laws against gun wielding criminals, stating in accord with Bush that the problem isn’t with the law-abiding citizens that purchase guns. So we shouldn’t make it harder for them. The point where Bush and Nader differ with Gore is precisely that. Gore would make mandatory registration with the government of all guns, and heavy state and federal government overseeing of gun sales. Bush and Nader do not to encroach on the rights of citizens with respect to bearing arms. Instead they are more in favor ‘very strict’ sentences, because only criminals should be affected by legislation not sportsman and people wishing to use guns for self defense. .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .postImageUrl , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:hover , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:visited , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:active { border:0!important; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:active , .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370 .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u057d8d4ac16c9e5bc4121ab4e3d92370:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Crime (1088 words) EssaySocial security, without a doubt, the most successful, and, the noblest government programs. To ensure dignity and financial security of our aged, and disabled citizens is a responsibility that has been our good fortune to actualize. However with a growing geriatric population, benefits for poor families and disabled persons, it is time for reform of our system before it goes bankrupt. Ralph Nader is the only one saying that the fears are unfounded, of not being able to meet the needs of the eligible. He agrees with Bush that working people should have a reasonable measure of control over their retirement assets. However he limits it to pen sion funds and retirements accounts and not to the fraction of social security money that Bush would advance to privatize. Bush’s idea has raised a many an objection to the idea of allowing individuals to invest part(1/6) of their contributions in the private sector, namely the stocks market. Gore and Nader are very vocal in opposing Bush’s plan, stating that it would replace security with insecurity. There is to much uncertainty in the market to allow the populace to put money that the government would eventually be forced to compensate. After all, if millions of people are skinned in a market crash, it would be the government that would have to provide social assistance in the form of food stamps, welfare and the like. Gore’s main point hat republicans are vehemently opposed to is financing social security through general taxation. Gore reasoning is that then the government could pay down the debt with the surpluses, and with the savings from the interest paym ents, reinvest in the social security program. Gore’s response to Bush’s plan to allow individuals more control over their future financial well being comes in the form of ‘individual retirement savings plus’ accounts, in which tax exempt savings would be matched by government. Unlike what Gore’s camp would want one to think, Bush’s plan wouldn’t affect retirees, or those close to retirement, â€Å"no reduction in benefits for retirees†. Bush also takes a very conservative view in regard to raising taxes for social security support; he is absolutely against it. He is for dedicating social security money for social security, and leaving the paying of interest payment on our national debt a separate issue. These issues are a good measure of the candidates views about our concerns as a society. Between appealing to popular opinion and standing for something, candidates stances on issues are formed, and the people are left to sort through the images to make a decision. Who do we want to entrust with the awesome responsibility of leading our nation. Though we are fortunate to be a generally well educated society, the complexities of our government have become difficult to understand. Politicians rely on this to gain favor with the public. We as the power behind government must be better informed, so we are not taken advantage of by our own elected officials. Whether Nader, Gore, Bush, or any other candidate is elected, the benefits or the repercussions will be felt by the American people. The three issues discussed are representative of the moral, societal, and economical problems in our country, and are only three of many issues being hotly debated. Ralph Nader’s proposals are far and away the most intelligent and ambitious for the United States. Al Gore and George Bush are coming from opposite sides of the political spectrum, but offer us business as usual. They are funded by and fight for the interest of the same elite (of which they are also members!) class. Ralph Nader has shown in the past with his exemplary record, that he fights for the people. Though some of his stances are arguably too liberal, he is the prescription for corruption, Deep-pocketed corporate lobbyists, and many of the ills associated with government. Serious injustices in our system with regard to access to political influence, which are at the heart of most social problems, will not be altered with the two party system. Noone is nave enough to suggest perfection however with someone who’s genuine concerns are the people of this country, and the oppressed globally, government might actualize the myth of equality. .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .postImageUrl , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:hover , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:visited , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:active { border:0!important; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:active , .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53 .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u95e8a7ba6341e84e7ec26a94168ebe53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Civil Rebuttal EssayPolitical Issues

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Dr James Nayagam Essay Example

Dr James Nayagam Essay I would like to thank my professor, Dr James Nayagam for his guidance, comments and suggestions. I also gratefully acknowledge research support from Maxis website, Ministry of Energy, Communication Multimedia, Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commissions, and Statistics Department. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Maxis Communications Berhad (Maxis) is a mobile focused telecom service provider with fixed line and IDD businesses to support its wireless operations. It is the number one cellular service provider in Malaysia by quality and quantity of subscribers as well as profitability. The major part of my research on Maxis will focus on its mobile division because this currently comprises the bulk (over 90% of the total revenue) of the companys operations. The company is well placed within an expanding and stable Malaysian telecommunication market, which should support continued fundamental expansion off an already impressive base. Given what Maxis has already achieved, the company will likely remain one of the foremost Southeast Asian operators. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr James Nayagam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dr James Nayagam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dr James Nayagam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer MAXIS, KING OF THE RINGTONES INTRODUCTION This paper reviews the performance of Maxis Communications Berhad (Maxis), a mobile focused telecom service provider with fixed line and IDD business to support its wireless operations. It is the number one cellular service provider in Malaysia by quality and quantity of subscribers as well as profitability. The major part of my research on maxis will focus on its mobile division because this currently comprises the bulk of the companys operations (over 90% of total revenue). The review period covers 5 years from 1998 to 2002. I have organised this paper into three sections to provide a better understanding of Maxiss survival and its competitive edge in the telecommunication market. The first section explains Michael Potters theory on Competitive Strategy. As for the second section, I will analysis the telecommunication industry and the third section will be an analysis on the companys performance. DATA The data for this review is obtained from various sources. The data on companys financial performance is taken from the annual report for the financial year ending 31 December 2002. The information on market shares and regulatory issues is obtained from the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commissions and Ministry of Energy, Communication and Multimedia and the population data is from the Statistics department. COMPANY BACKGROUND Before I proceed on to the analysis part, I would like to provide a brief description of the company I choose for the assignment. Maxis was incorporated in Malaysia on 19 October 1986 under the name of Binariang Sdn Bhd as a private limited company. The company became a public limited company on 5 September 1997, taking on the name Binariang Berhad. It changed its name again on 12 July 1999 to what is currently known as Maxis Communication Berhad. In 1993, Maxis obtained telecommunications licences authorising the company to operate on domestic fixed line and mobile networks on a nation wide basis as well as an international gateway facility. Subsequently the company initiated mobile telecommunication operations in August 1995, becoming the first digital phone service to employ GSM technology. Shortly afterwards in 1996, the company launched its domestic and international wire line ventures. Maxiss rapid progress in telecommunication continued with the earliest rollout of comprehensive WAP services of any operator in the country, as well as the first GPRS and 3G calls in Malaysia. The financial details of Maxis are presented in Appendix 1, 2 ; 3. SECTION 1 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK An Overview of Michael Potters Strategic Framework A typical approach to strategy revolves around a firms ability to achieve a defensible and profitable strategic position in its industry. Among the most widely used tools for determining a firms strategic position is Michael Potters Five Forces. This framework allows a firm to assess its position in an industry in terms of the intensity of rivalry among existing players, barriers to entry, the bargaining powers of suppliers and customers, as well as the threat of new entrants. In Competitive Strategy, Potter provides the organisation with a fresh way of looking at strategising; from the point of industry itself rather than just from the point of view of markets, or of organisational capabilities. Potter argues that in order to examine its capability in the market place, an organisation must choose between three generic strategies: cost leadership becoming the lowest-cost producer in the market; differentiation offering something different, extra or special; and focus achieving dominance in a niche market. Taken together, these changes constitute a fundamentally new approach to the management of the multi-business enterprises. In todays telecommunication industry, the only course action which is more dangerous than adopting these changes is ignoring them. SECTION 2 INDUSTRY DYNAMIC Telecommunication Market Structure Telecommunication services in Malaysia have been traditionally provided on a monopolist basis. Since 1996 Malaysia has adopted a general liberalisation model in order to develop its telecommunication sector. Over the past years, the government has issued licenses to several new operators each a powerful corporate group. As a result, the industry once monopolised by Telekom Malaysia now has panoply of players offering fixed line and wireless services. Beginning of last year (2002) there were 5 licensed telecommunication companies; Telekom Malaysia, Celcom, Maxis Communication, TIMECel and Digi. The telecommunication operators have since been consolidated into three major players namely Maxis Communication, Telekom Malaysia and Digi. Several policy initiatives have been implemented to foster competition in the industry, including those that are relevant to the determination of boundaries between competitive and monopolistic market, licensing of new entries, monitoring performance and maintaining sustainable competition in the market. The key to this development trend is to enhance liberalisation efforts that have been taken by the government to allow for private participation in this sector. In addition to the liberalisation, the role of the telecommunication regulator shifted from Jabatan Telekom Malaysia to The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commissions (MCMC). Formed on 1 November 1998, the MCMC assumed responsibility for the regulation of the communications and multimedia sector. The commission comes under the purview of the Ministry of Energy, Communication and Multimedia. Malaysias step forward in this area is part of an overall adjustment to revitalise the policy aims and objectives of Vision 2020, and it represents a statement of importance which telecommunication is to play in economic and social development. Mobile Market The Malaysia cellular market has grown by leaps and bounds in recent years, posting 15%, 39%, 74%, 44% and 21% growth per year through 1998 to 2002 to reach 9.1 million subscribers by end 2002, implying about 38% penetration in the market. The recent strength is largely due to the popularisation of economical pre-paid services within the market as well as falling costs for handsets and a recovery in economic factors. The subscriber growth data is provided in the table below. Though the percentage of growth seems to be reducing, there is still room for the market to expand. Various factors including income bands, geographical and the age factor of the Malaysian population is seem to support this growth of the mobile market from its existing level. Middle to high income classes within the Malaysian population have a proven affordability track record and this class comprises the majority of the countrys population. Current market is focused in the Klang Valley, which is the core of the industry. Geographically most areas outside Klang Valley are relatively untapped. Adding to the fact that 43% of the Malaysian population is aged under 20years, this 43% represents 10.2 million people. This not only augurs well for the future subscription growth but also more importantly, enhances the prospects for data and value added services. We should also not ignore the importance of mobile phones purchased under corporate accounts, a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly prevalent at even the lowest rungs of the corporate ladder. In fact, it is not uncommon in Malaysia to see workers with low incomes, such as drivers, supplied with mobile phone because it improves their accessibility to their employers for jobs that requires mobility. Mobile Market Competitiveness The mobile market seems to be overcrowded, with a total of 5 players. This has since changed and the numbers have currently been reduced to three. In 2003, two mergers took place: Telekom Malaysia bought Celcom and Maxis took over TIMECel. Though the numbers are reduced there is still strong competition among the three. Despite occasional price cutting from smaller players, overall competition has not been as fierce as feared following complete mobile sector deregulation in 2002. IT seems that the Malaysian operators have practised co-operation. This is quite evident when market leader Maxis and TRI have not resorted to the cut price wars which the net effect has been controlled competition. Market fundamentals have been held up despite attempts by upstart from Telekom and Time to break into the market competitive pricing. Competition is very much presented in the mobile market, but the level of competitiveness varies. There are a number of reasons: * Branding takes more importance than price for the customer. In Malaysia, brand perception has a much, if not more, impact on consumer choice than pricing. Being aware of this part, companies have played along by placing a greater emphasis on branding rather than pure price competition. * Efforts by the main operators to avoid pure price competition. In line with the consumer response in Malaysia, the operators have focused mainly on branding, along with packaging and various promotions. This has kept prices opaque and prevented pure price competition from materialising, even though the market has been completely liberalised for almost three years. * Sizeable industry growth has allowed operators to expand the scope of the operations without restoring to aggressive pricing tactics. The pie has been expanding at a pace that has allowed operators to behave better than in other markets where growth has become a zero-sum game. An established co-operation between operators as well as the Malaysian consumer behavioural of preference for brand and services over price should keep the overall price stable. Furthermore, the consolidation in the mobile market could further improve the competitive landscape. Macro Perspective Macro issues play an important part in any industry. It has a direct impact on the country growth which would influence the market of any industry. Therefore it is only proper to discuss the macro issues that influence the market. After a slowdown in 2001 in line with other regional economics, Malaysia posted a strong GDP growth of 4.1% in 2002 and expected to achieve the growth target of 4.5% in 2003. These rates imply a stronger growth which boosts the general population income that influences the spending power. On the fiscal policy, Malaysia has had a strong track record and was one of the few Asian economics that did not turn to IMF for assistance during the Asian Financial crisis. The fiscal policies implemented by the government have provided stability in the market. The countrys foreign reserves are up to over US $32.5 billion and are able to support almost six months of import. Total government debt represents 38% of the GDP, which is at a manageable level. Politically, Malaysia is also very stable and do not expect major changes with the change of guards in October 2002. Therefore, from a macro perspective, Malaysias strong GDP growth trend and stable fiscal and political health had and will continually improve the affordability and consumer confidence. SECTION 3 COMPANYS DYNAMICS Maxiss vision To be the most preferred and successful communication group (Annual financial report for the financial year ending 31 December 2003) has been the driving force that propelled Maxis into the number one position in the mobile market. Maxis is not only the leading market share of subscribers, but also one with the highest profit on a wide range of operating measures. The key achievements of Maxis over the last five years (1998 to 2002) have been a direct consequence of management excellence and no accident. I believe strong branding has underpinned the companys success and built up its competitive advantage. Its market leading position for mobile telecommunication in Malaysia is primarily attributable to the following competitive strengths. Market Leader Maxis obtained its licences to operate mobile, fixed and international gateway services in 1993, but commenced mobile services only in 1995, long after TRI (which operators a cellular service branded Celcom) was well established. Maxiss operational strategies fully leveraged the Malaysian markets robust growth trends to build up its subscriber base even though it was initially competing with more limited resources. The company move from a latecomer position to overtake its more established competitors, finally seizing top market shares in 2001. The company leads in market share for both post-paid and pre-paid mobile services, earnings, revenues and on pretty much any other operational benchmark that one can use to compute the company and its peers. Refer to the chart below for details. Source: The Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission From just 18% in 1997, Maxiss market share has risen to 31% in 2001. Maxis has posted the largest gains compared against its competitors. Also notable is Maxiss track record in achieving a leadership position in both post-paid and pre-paid services with a market share of 38% and 32% respectively. Unlike operators such as Digi, which are skewed largely towards one segment of the market, Maxiss base is strong on both fronts. Highest quality subscriber base Even more impressive than the sheer market share numbers that Maxis has acquired is the high quality of subscriber base it has garnered. In most markets, rapid expansion of market share has involved a sacrifice of subscriber quality and increased price-cutting, but not in Maxisa case. That was the case when the Malaysian mobile sector was completely liberalised in August 2000. In the immediate aftermath, there was significant price undercutting by industry laggards such as Time and Telekom in a bid to improve market share. Rather than compete on pricing, Maxis retaliated with innovative competitive strategies and subscriber incentives. It focused on segmenting the market and rewarding greater usage. Furthermore, I believe that Maxiss successful avoidance of direct price competition has had beneficial impact on the market as a whole by limiting and thus minimising the impact of price competition. Maxiss provisioning for bad debts (about 1.6% of the companys revenue) is the lowest amon g the operators in Malaysia, reflecting its high quality subscribers base. Profitability The combination of top market share, higher revenue generating customer base and high operational standards has meant that Maxis has done extremely well in profitability. Moving from loss of over RM300 million in 1998, Maxiss earnings are now starting to reflect managements prudence during the Asian financial crisis. As revenue picked up and efficiencies started from a greater economic scale; its net profit rose 173% in 2000 to RM358 million. Net profit rose another 165% in 2002 to RM950 million. The companys Return on Equity (ROE) rose from -106.3% in 1998 to 39.4% in 2002, reflecting its effectiveness in the utilisation of capital. This resulted in a solid balance sheet and cash flow profile that I believe will be maintained. Cash flow continues to improve the companys financial strength resulting in ample resources to fund its capital expenditure obligations. Effective premium branding Maxiss ability to turn its brand into a competitive advantage is a result of a focus on creating a premium perception in consumers mind. Maxis understood the importance of branding. Through out the currency crisis of 1997 to 1999 when most of its competitors were cutting back on advertising and product promotion, Maxis continued to invest heavily in its brand. It was involved in sponsorship such as the premiere film Lord of the Rings and lately in Disney on Ice. It is through aggressive campaigning that Maxis has made a name for itself as The Ultimate Brand in todays mobile phone service industry. Organised distribution channel In addition to effective advertising, Maxiss brand strength has also been built by quality distribution channel. The Network Management Centre, its distribution channel has been awarded the ISO 9002 certification for its services. Maxis has since developed a loyal dealer network over the years due to timely payments and consistency. Over time, this has made Maxis the operator of choice for independent dealers, in turn improving the hold of the brand on consumers. The company has so far appointed 36 of its more productive dealers as Maxis Authorised Service Agents, carrying only Maxis products. Partnerships have also been established, under which distribution is outsourced to select distributors who in turn deal directly with the dealers. This minimises the required resources from Maxiss standpoint and yet ensures a seamless reach to a broader customer base in a highly efficient manner. Besides this, the company sells its product through a network of Maxis centres in selected high-pen etration areas, such as fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) outlets and even banks/ATM. Segmented Marketing With strong distribution and marketing network in place, Maxis took the next step in customising the marketing effort into segments to achieve optimal results. Not wanting to affect the perception of the high end Maxis brand for post paid users; the company launched another brand, Hotlink, for its pre-paid service. Here, the company has segmented its marketing efforts further within the post-paid and pre-paid markets. On the post-paid side, the company has broken the market down between business and consumer segments while customer care, distribution, etc. are varied to cater to each segments specialised needs. Post-paid customers who qualify for the companys MOC Elite programme, for example, get exclusive access to the companys priority centres and counters much in the same way that business class air travellers have their own express counters for convenience. As for the pre-paid, the company targets the younger group and budget-conscious customers, yet at the same time portraying a premium image, either through pricing and innovation. Pre-paid is marketed through its traditional agents and FMGC outlets, giving them more widespread presence. This is quite evident in most of the mobile phone outlets that sell Maxis products. Innovative Products Maxiss products are clearly among the most innovative in Malaysia. Particularly on the post-paid side, the company has four packages that are creatively structured compared with others that are available in the marketplace. The Maxis family package is an excellent example of the companys innovations. Under this package, subscribers can sign on supplementary members within the same family and they are awarded a significant discount on monthly access and calls made among them. Here the company is able to broaden its customer reach while minimising on acquisition cost and reduce credit risk at the same time. The latest product launched, known as m-style^3, bundle voice, data and other value added services into one fixed price plan. This product is targeted at the young professionals aged between 25 and 35. However, it will not affect the business and high-income users who are already benefiting from their existing service and excellent care that comes with it. Maxis was the first in Malaysia to launch the WAP services, first to trail GPRS, first to offer roaming services, one of the few operators that have readily available tri-band phones for corporate clients travelling overseas and the first to launch the mobile lifestyle package. These innovative services made Maxis the choice for most mobile phone users. Delivery of Quality Services Once the customer is drawn in through robust distribution, segmented marketing and innovative products, the company creates a sense of continual efforts made in battering its services through connivance of payment, innovative products, usage discount for high users etc. This high level of service has paid off not only in terms of subscriber numbers, but also in terms of profitability (revenue and profit has been on the increase since 1999) because consumers have been willing to pay more for the services. Superior customer service was a Malaysian consumer need that was not being adequately met by the market. Maxis management identified this need and catered to it. Integral to the companys delivery of quality customer service has been the up keeping of its network. To maintain its premium image, the company has been investing significantly in building and micro cell coverage and will continue to do so. The company has been upgrading its spectrum to increase network coverage and this has since been enhanced further with the purchase of TIMECel. Besides upgrading the network system, Maxis also continues to introduce ways of rewarding their existing customers. This is especially targeted at its higher-end users and is part of the core strategy to retain customers of high value, which will help the company to retain its premium image as well as revenue. Such measures include Advantage Savings rebates, the Maxis One Club and Bounslink, to name a few. Under these programme customers are given various rebates, discount and free services. One of them is the Maxis One Club, where membership is extended by way of invitation only. In this programme customers are offered a wide range of services; from dry-cleaning, giving free tickets to the cinema to exclusive facilities at various hotels and restaurants. Strong Management Team I believe Maxiss success in creating brands that dominate the market throughout a range product segments is due to the strength of management. Maxiss professional team comprises of a wealth of experience from various specialised backgrounds ranging from the IT to consumer sectors. The company has an ideal blend of local and foreign management, with 7 of the 11 members of the senior management team having more than 15 years of experience at leading multinational companies such as IBM, Shell and Motorola, to name a few. The companys pole position in the Malaysia telecom sector, its place among Malaysian corporate as well as its impressive profitability track record demonstrates the companys strong management capabilities. The fact is that the current management team has built Maxis into a regional operator in just over six years, despite entering the market five years behind Celcom. Thus, in addition to surviving and thriving in a competitive environment, the management has proven its ability to weather significant macroeconomic and telecom market shock well. The company came through the currency crisis without losing focus on its long-term goals and it was at this time that the company embarked on the development of the Maxis brand. This has been a key contribution to the companys rise to prominence. Synergy with sister companies Behind the placement of the talented group of managers that has achieved so much is the strategic execution by the backing of its main shareholder. Maxis has benefited from its association with the Usaha Tegas Group (UT) of Malaysia. UTs investment portfolio in Malaysia consists of a variety of companies including media and broadcasting, leisure, property and power in addition to telecommunication. In addition to formulating the key components of the Maxis strategy, UT has also allowed Maxis to leverage off its sister companies to significantly improve its market standing. For example, Tanjong operates one of the largest cinema networks in Malaysia in addition to being one of the four forecasting operators in the country. Through these cinemas, Maxis offers its loyal customers various rewards such as free or discounted movie tickets. Astro, which also falls under UT, is the countrys dominant pay-view TV operator and owns and controls a large chunk of radio programming. Working together, the two companies have complemented each other effectively. In addition to the advertising benefits for Maxiss products via Astros hold on media, Maxis provides stock quotes via SMS using software developed by Astro. The two companies also cooperate on sponsoring concerts (and other events) and on the development of practical data applications for customers. Jointly these companies are able to reach a reaching broader population base through co-branding. Because of the synergy with sister companies, Maxis is far bettered positioned than any of its competitors. I believe that the relationships that Maxis enjoys with the UT group will help it to sustain its competitive advantages. Strategic Partnership Maxis has also established alliance with other major players in this region. One of such alliance is the launch of the Worlds First Largest Wireless Broadband Alliance together with four other major telecommunication companies; Korea Telecom, China Netcom, StarHub and Telstar. Through this alliance, Maxis has broadened his network channel to the international arena, which would also make Maxis a regional player. Strategic Purchase TIMECel With the acquisition of TIMECel in 2003, Maxis is placed in a prime position to capture a significant portion of high value customers. The additional network coverage will certainly enhance the service quality to its existing and new customer base. Maxis will be able to increase its network capacity and thereby allow it to further optimise network design especially in urban areas. AWARDS ACHIEVED BY MAXIS Maxis has achieved many awards for the past years. Last year, 2002 it has won 16 awards. They are: * Outstanding small companies award by FORBES 2002 * Most popular choice Telecommunication Service Provider * The 4th Best Asian GSM Carrier * No. 1 Telco in Malaysia ; No.2 in terms of corporate governance among public listed companies in Malaysia * Malaysias No.1- High Quality Services/Products, Innovative in responding to Customers Needs Companies Others try to Emulate * Rated Best Counter Service Management by Ministry of Energy, Communication Multimedia * Call Centre of year * Malaysia No.1 Best Corporate Strategy, Best Operational Efficiency No. 2 Overall Best Managed Company. * Best Newly listed company in Malaysia * Best IPO Finance Asia * Voted as the Best IPO deal * Equity Capital Markets Poll Best Asia Pacific IPO * Leader in Corporate Governance Malaysia * Malaysia Equity Issue of the Year * Equity Deal of the Year * Best Equity Deal CONCLUSION Maxis provide an excellent example through its continuous improvement in the face of extensive local and global competition. Staying ahead of the field means the company can never afford to stand still. In the case of Maxis, it never stopped planning its next strategy (which is quite evident from the companys achievements in the last 5 years). The company achieved its leading position through a clear strategy of developing premium brands, emphasising high network quality and customer services, and introducing innovative services and products. With its recent acquisition of TIMECel and its strategic alliances with the major regional telecommunication players, Maxis will continue to gain the lions share of the network market addition. This would also allow Maxis to compete more effectively in a consolidated industry as well as in the international arena and to deploy network capital expenditure more efficiently.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography Early Life: The son a British Indian Service administrator, Arthur Travers Harris was born at Cheltenham, England on April 13, 1892. Educated at Allhallows School in Dorset, he was not a stellar student and was encouraged by his parents to seek his fortune in the military or colonies. Electing for the latter, he traveled to Rhodesia in 1908, and became a successful farmer and gold miner. With the outbreak of World War I, he enlisted as a bugler in the 1st Rhodesian Regiment. Briefly seeing service in South Africa and German South-West Africa, Harris departed for England in 1915, and joined the Royal Flying Corps. Flying with the Royal Flying Corps: After completing training, he served on the home front before being transferred to France in 1917. A skilled pilot, Harris quickly became a flight commander and later commander of No. 45 and No. 44 Squadrons. Flying Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutters, and later Sopwith Camels, Harris downed five German aircraft before the end of the war making him an ace. For his accomplishments during the war, he earned the Air Force Cross. At wars end, Harris elected to remain in the newly formed Royal Air Force. Sent abroad, he was posted to various colonial garrisons in India, Mesopotamia, and Persia. Interwar Years: Intrigued by aerial bombing, which he saw as a better alternative to the slaughter of trench warfare, Harris began adapting aircraft and developing tactics while serving abroad. Returning to England in 1924, he was given command of the RAFs first dedicated, postwar, heavy bomber squadron. Working with Sir John Salmond, Harris began training his squadron in night flying and bombing. In 1927, Harris was sent to the Army Staff College. While there he developed a dislike for the Army, though he did become friends with future Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. After graduating in 1929, Harris returned the Middle East as Senior Air Officer in the Middle East Command. Based in Egypt, he further refined his bombing tactics and became increasingly convinced in aerial bombardments ability to win wars. Promoted to Air Commodore in 1937, he was given command of No. 4 (Bomber) Group the following year. Recognized as a gifted officer, Harris was promoted again to Air Vice Marshal and sent to Palestine and Trans-Jordan to command RAF units in the region. With World War II beginning, Harris was brought home to command No. 5 Group in September 1939. World War II: In February 1942, Harris, now an Air Marshal, was placed in command of the RAFs Bomber Command. During the first two years of the war, the RAFs bombers had suffered heavy casualties while being forced to abandon daylight bombing due to German resistance. Flying at night, the effectiveness of their raids was minimal as targets proved difficult, if not impossible, to find. As a result, studies showed that less than one bomb in ten fell within five miles of its intended target. To combat this, Professor Frederick Lindemann, a confidant of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, began advocating area bombing. Approved by Churchill in 1942, the doctrine of area bombing called for raids against urban areas with the goal of destroying housing and displacing German industrial workers. Though controversial, it was approved by the Cabinet as it provided a way to directly attack Germany. The task of implementing of this policy was given to Harris and Bomber Command. Moving forward, Harris was initially hampered by a lack of aircraft and electronic navigation equipment. As a result, early area raids often were inaccurate and ineffective. On May 30/31, Harris launched Operation Millennium against the city of Cologne. To mount this 1,000-bomber raid, Harris was forced scavenge aircraft and crews from training units. Utilizing a new tactic known as the bomber stream, Bomber Command was able to overwhelm the German night air defense system known as the Kammhuber Line. The attack was also facilitated by the use of a new radio navigation system known as GEE. Striking Cologne, the raid started 2,500 fires in the city and established area bombing as a viable concept. A huge propaganda success, it would be some time until Harris was able to mount another 1,000-bomber raid. As Bomber Commands strength grew and new aircraft, such as the Avro Lancaster and the Handley Page Halifax, appeared in large numbers, Harris raids became larger and larger. In July 1943, Bomber Command, working in conjunction with the US Army Air Force, commenced Operation Gomorrah against Hamburg. Bombing around the clock, the Allies leveled over ten square miles of the city. Heartened by the success of his crews, Harris planned a massive assault on Berlin for that fall. Believing that the reduction of Berlin would end the war, Harris opened the Battle of Berlin on the night of November 18, 1943. Over the next four months, Harris launched sixteen mass raids on the German capital. Though large areas of the city were destroyed, Bomber Command lost 1,047 aircraft during the battle and it was generally viewed as a British defeat. With the impending Allied invasion of Normandy, Harris was ordered to switch away from area raids on German cities to more precision strikes on the French railroad network. Angered by what he perceived as a waste of effort, Harris complied though he openly stated that Bomber Command was not designed or equipped for these types of strikes. His complaints proved moot as Bomber Commands raids proved highly effective. With the Allied success in France, Harris was permitted to return to area bombing. Reaching peak efficiency in the winter/spring of 1945, Bomber Command pounded German cities on a routine basis. The most controversial of these raids occurred early in the campaign when aircraft struck Dresden on February 13/14, igniting a firestorm that killed tens of thousands of civilians. With the war winding down, the final Bomber Command raid came on April 25/26, when aircraft destroyed an oil refinery in southern Norway. Postwar In the months after the war, there was some concern in the British government about the amount of destruction and civilian casualties caused by Bomber Command in the conflicts last stages. Despite this, Harris was promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force before he retired on September 15, 1945. In the years after the war, Harris stalwartly defended Bomber Commands actions stating that their operations conformed to the rules of the total war started by Germany. The following year, Harris became the first British commander-in-chief to not be made a peer after he refused the honor due to the governments refusal to create a separate campaign medal for his air crews. Always popular with his men, Harris act further cemented the bond. Angered by criticism of Bomber Commands wartime actions, Harris moved to South Africa in 1948, and served as a manager for the South African Marine Corporation until 1953. Returning home, he was forced to accept a baronetcy by Churchill and became the 1st Baronet of Chipping Wycombe. Harris lived in retirement until his death on April 5, 1984. Selected Sources BBC: Sir Arthur Bomber HarrisRAF: Arthur Bomber Harris

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Discussion and participation week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion and participation week 4 - Essay Example ontingencies Gain is Probable Gain is Reasonably Possible Gain is Remote Disclose in notes only Disclose in notes only Nothing (Ecfa, 2011). Ecfa.org (2011). Accounting for Contingencies. Retrieved September 1, 2011 from http://www.ecfa.org/Content/Accounting-for-Contingencies Weygandt, J., Kieso, D., Kimmel, P. (2002). Accounting Principles (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2. Gain contingencies are not recognized in the income statement, but loss contingencies may be based on the circumstances. â€Å"Loss contingencies may be recorded in the financial statements after evaluation to determine if inclusion is required† (Ecfa, 2011). The probability of occurrence is the determining factor that must be evaluated to determine the proper accounting treatment. The three options are probable, reasonable possible, and remote. Each of the options has different accounting treatment based on losses or gains. The table below shows all the possibilities. Loss Contingencies    Loss is Probable Loss is Reasonably Possible Loss is Remote Amount of Loss can be estimated Record liability and disclose in notes Disclose in notes only Nothing Range of Loss can be estimated Record low end of range as liability and disclose in notes Disclose in notes only Nothing Loss can NOT be estimated Disclose in notes only Disclose in notes only Nothing Gain Contingencies Gain is Probable Gain is Reasonably Possible Gain is Remote Disclose in notes only Disclose in notes only Nothing (Ecfa, 2011). Ecfa.org (2011). Accounting for Contingencies. Retrieved September 1, 2011 from http://www.ecfa.org/Content/Accounting-for-Contingencies 3. A hedge can be defined as protecting a long position in one asset while being short in another in order to reduce overall risk (Tewales & Bradley & Tewales, 1992). If the fair value of the asset changes the investor can minimize his losses based on the use of a hedge. A hedge is a complex investment instrument that should be used only by expert and institutionalized investors. I would not recommend a novice investor in the stock market to invest in hedges. Teweles, R., Bradley, E., Teweles, T. (1992). The Stock Market (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. 4. The four types of contingencies mentioned in your answer are right on target. I only came up with liabilities as a potential contingency out of the top of my head. None of the contingencies you mentioned are ever included in the income statement when they are gain contingencies. If the gain contingency is probable or reasonably possible they are disclosed as a note to the financial statements. The existence of a gain contingency is a factor that can positively influenced the price of common stocks of public corporations. 5. Early extinguishment of debt typically results in either a gain or loss. In the income statement gains or loss resulting from early extinguishment of debt are included as other income. â€Å"

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Contract law part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contract law part 2 - Essay Example A meeting was arranged for Monday Spet. 14th to discuss the matter. At the meeting Brian told Alley that if alley did not accept to pay the  £14,000 claim food galore will no longer agree to make delivers on credit to alley and that the delivery for the next day will not be made. Alley was convinced that the claim by foods galore is unjustified; however, as he needed the credit arrangement offered by foods galore and since he did not have enough time to look for alternative supplies, he signed an agreement admitting that he owed foods galore  £14,000. Part of the agreement was a schedule for payment installment on a weekly basis. Alley paid the full amount of  £14,000 over a period of two years. One year later he commenced proceedings against Foods Galore seeking to recover the money on the grounds he signed the agreement under duress. Advise Foods Galore. Foods Galore has already intimated Alley regarding the invoicing error that happened two years back and gave advanced notice for the same. However, Alley was not convinced for this additional dues claimed by Food Galore. According to English court of law, the buyer (Alley) or seller (Foods Galore) has the choice to appeal his case if the terms of the contract are violated (Pollock, 1952)) between two persons or parties. The violation of terms of contract in tender calls is governed ultimately by English contract law. In the present case study, it is clearly apparent that Alley has already agreed that he was having due to Foods Galore and hence the Alley committed a mistake by agreeing to pay in accordance with the contract law provisions. However, Foods Galore was challenged for its claim by Alley after two years which is a matter of concern. There is every possibility that Foods Galore may be drawn to court of law for reconsideration of his decision. Hence necessary legal steps hav e to be taken by Foods Galore to get protection. Foods Galore has not

Monday, November 18, 2019

OSHA class Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OSHA class - Research Paper Example Employers need to ensure that they provide an environment free from hazards for employers to be able to work comfortably. The occupational safety and health act (OSHA) has come in as a guideline on measures that industries need to take to ensure that they reduce hazards and accidents while maximizing their profitability. Employers need to train their staff on safety measures that they can take to avoid accidents also how they can reduce the damage of accidents when they occur. Before, undertaking any training on occupational safety and health, the company needs to note down some factors, which are essential in organizing the training program. These will include the following factors: Assessment of whether training is needed. An essential factor to perform training is to know, whether companies problems can be solved through the training. In most cases it is assumed that when employees do not perform up to the required standards, training is required to improve their skills. Health and safety training should be done from the beginning, to reduce the risks of accidents and safety hazards. Researchers have found out that most accidents happen to new employees of the company. Some of the reasons that have been given for this occurrence are that they have not fully adapted to the environment and may also not know the right way of using the equipments. Training on how to use equipments and execute tasks correctly can also be helpful to minimize safety hazards. Training on the other hand, can be less effective when the causes for poor work performance may stem from lack of motivation for the workers. Identification of training requirements. Once the need for training has been established, training needs need to be determined. To choose adequately the training program, trainers needs to know the specific tasks of the employee are and how they need to perform these tasks.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Application Of Industrial Organizational Psychology

Application Of Industrial Organizational Psychology Application of Industrial/Organizational Psychology Two types of psychological schools include ones that are cogent, and others that are applied. Industrial psychology is an applied field of study. The basic premise of industrial psychology is the utilization of certain methodologies and other hypotheses to prevail over the problems in other areas of study, such as in businesses, corporations, and many more (Marks Murray et al., 2005). Different researchers have different meanings applied to the concept. For example, Blum and Naylor (1968) define it as simply the application or extension of psychological facts and principles to the problems concerning human beings operating within the context of business and industry (Milton et al., 1968., p. 4). Industrial psychology helps explicate which theories or types of motivation there are, as well as why certain categories of motivation are chosen. MY NEWLY-ACQUIRED UNDERSTANDING, APPLICABILITY OF THAT KNOWLEDGE, AND RESPECT FOR INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Job Performance the Differing Types First, industrial psychology is nothing more than applying psychology to organizations and the workplace. In order to complete this successfully, one must scrutinize and look into how actions and mentalities can be more efficient via genuine processes of hiring, better curriculum in the training, and improved facets of inquiry (Building Better Organizations). I believe job performance amongst others I will discuss is one of the key aspects to an organizations success or failure. Performance is done at all levels, from the entry-level workers up to the top executive officers. How well one does his or her job (job performance) could either wreak havoc or produce effective results for a company. Job implementation and its accomplishments by workers performances is a very critical facet that can relate to organizational actualizations and even positive outcomes. Campbell (1990) devised one of the more accepted performance theories. Performance is something an individual actualizes. Second, we have adequacy. It is another facet alike which is explicated as the crux of a precise malleable phenomenon of performance, efficiency, and productivity. Industrial drive serves a bold part in achievements and success in those achievements. The key point is that performance in terms of ones job has to be germane to the desired goal. Thus, attainment is mutually exclusive to activities where intentions are dissipated in accomplishing incidental goals and desires. The last portion of job performance I will focus on is multidimensionality. Job performance is not a sole unipolar construct. Lots of employment opportunities, where each individual accomplishment standards are required. Thus, actualization in terms of ones job is conceived as a dimension with lots of variables. This facet is made up of more than a single type of behavior (Campbell, 1990). Work Motivation: One of the Key Factors in Organizational Success and Expansion There is no doubt that motivation is one of the most potent weapons in an employees arsenal. Motivation is what drives one to work harder, smarter, or just do the bare minimum. Reasons for one being motivated to do something is through obtaining a desired reward, such as food, money, materialistic things, goals, etc. However, Geen (1994) has noted that motivation for an action by a person may also be because of less-obvious explications, such as altruism or ethics. Furthermore, Geen (1994) postulates that motivation points out to the start, direction, thrust, and perpetuation of the behavior of people in any setting. Types of Motivation: General Specific Many types of motivation exist in the workplace and in every other organization one may be helping and working for. Three general types of motivations are physiological, cognitive, and social motivation. Physiological motivation is explained by a drive to eat, have sex, sleep, etc. Cognitive motivation is more about achievements and aspirations. Social motivations, mostly uncommon or rare, have to do with affiliation motivations. There are also two types of motivation that are termed intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which are integral to understanding the full-fledged plethora of knowledge regarding how motivation plays a key role in organizations. But, there are specific types of motivation that underlie these general modes of motivation that need to be addressed. The first specific type of motivation that I will discuss is the achievement motivation. Accomplishment motivation is the will to obtain and reach a certain goal or goals (Shah Shah, 2010). One with the ambition to succeed desires aspirations ultimately reach achievement. There is also motivation by affiliation. Motivation by amalgamation is an inner drive to come to life with people in terms of a gregarious basis. These types of motivators are often given compliments for their outstanding working mentalities and the ability to work with others well. Competence motivation is a type of motivation which is generally looked that the persons ambition to do something well, paving way for the person to perpetrate in high valued work. Motivation in terms of power is one of the more popular types and has often been abused and misused (Abuse Facts, 2009). Indeed, Abraham Lincoln once said, Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a mans character, give him power. Receiving power will release everything you need to know about a person. Is he or she using the power for the better of customers and employees? Is he or she using it arbitrarily in improper ways? The good thing about the motivation for power is that you can use the achievement motivation technique to reach a powerful position and lead your co-workers in a benevolent manner. That is what I had to do when I reached the power of a supervisor in the Marine Corps. But I used the power to be able to look out for the welfare of my troops and to order troops to do humane and logical things. I never abused it. The fifth motivation type that is common and involves a lot of psychological methodologies is the attitude motivation. It is how individuals contemplate and feel emotionally. We are talking about ones self-image of ones self. The sixth motivation type is extremely common and perhaps the most common, which is the incentive motivation. Such persons do things-like high quality work-in order to obtain an award. It is much like B.F. Skinners operant conditioning. Car salesmen work on this type of motivation because the more cars they sell, they are not only put in different positions with higher responsibilities, but they get more money because of it. Money is a big incentive award that almost everyone strives for. People need to pay bills, get food, and pay their mortgages to live under a roof. Hence, money, whether implicitly or explicitly, is a reward that every working person strives for. The only question is to what degree they strive for achievement to make money. Last, we have the motivation of fear. Abhorrence motivation forces an individual to behave against his or her will. Why is it so important? The job at hand gets done quicker and pleases the superiors, although the work may be far from adequate. Two types of instinctual drives for motivation include intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is when people are enticed to participate in some bustle in the absence of any genuine transcendent motives, just like a hobby. Motivation that is the opposite of intrinsic is called extrinsic motivation. This occurs when an individual perpetrates in a bustle for a reward that materialistic and proves gains in the amount of lots of money. One last thing to note is that there are pluralities of roles at play which can alter the aftermath of motivation. For example, ones aptitude, commitment, intentions, persistence, fear of success, pre-ordained behavior, temptation, and being hungry all affect motivation. Theories of Motivation: Drive-Reduction, Achievement-Motivation, Interests Driven by Instinct, Hierarchy of Human Needs, Self-Control, the Goal-Setting Theory Since motivation is so diverse, yet integral to organizational psychology, numerous and diverse theories of motivation have been presented to explicate the suspicions of each and why one better explains workplace issues than the others. First, there is the drive-reduction theory. According to this hypothesis, as time goes on, the potency of the drive thrives as it is not met with satisfaction. Thus, when we finally do satisfy that drive by giving it what it wants, the drives potency is reduced. McClelland devised a theory where people need three basic things. Such things include the desire for arbitrary power, desire to actualize, and one of affiliation. A rather popular and generally obvious motivational theory has to do with people doing what interests them. If an individual has a potent likeness in one area, then coming to conclusive actualizations in that facet will be extremely strong, holding support relative to deriving conclusions in facets of fragile importance. An extremely lethal and well-documented motivational hypothesis was concocted by Maslow (1943) in what he calls the hierarchy of human needs. His so-called needs include security, civil, confidence, and the actualization of ones self. Next, there is the self-control theory of motivation. Psychological intelligence plays a key role in the self-control of motivation. An individual may be a genius academically, but may have no motivation or drive to implement and thrive on his abilities to certain jobs. Additionally, antecedents can be explicated like a frailty or desire that stimulates ones behavior, which can be directed towards a motive or an incentive. Such aforementioned drives are commonly known to derive from inside the person and do not dictate any outside influences to entice the behavior. Basic desires and needs potentially could be caused by one being hungry, which drives a person to eat. The goal-setting theory is quite interesting and has a powerful effect to it. This goal-setting theory is much like positive reinforcement. MY LIFE EXPERIENCE WITH APPLIED INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Choosing the Right and Efficient Type of Leadership According to Locke and Latham (1991), leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. (p. 131) Promulgating perceptions, hypostasizing connotations and the surrounding concocted ambience can be actualized (Richards Engle, 1986, p. 206). While serving in the Marine Corps, you start out as a robotic-responsive individual. As one works their way up by implementing their choice of leadership skills, one notices that the responsibilities get phenomenal. My experience led me to lead as an environmental leader, which is quite unique because you are not selfishly in control of everyone with any questions asked. Carmazzi (2005) argues that the ambiance who maintains a leader is the individual who holds favor to a certain group or other type of environment to dictate the ardent and psychological conception of a persons rank in that specific community. Unlike the other many leadership types, I was drawn to be an environment leader because I could utilize culture to motivate my troops and people, as well as preparing them to become leaders in all areas. But this style of leadership is dependent on creating an educational phenomenon, in which communities could learn interactively the basic psychology of group dynamics from one another within the culture. But this leader must also have a strong knowledge base with psychology. This type of leader must understand psychology, certain languages, in order to sway into the path which citizens of the community were inspired by to do what is expected for the good of the whole. An environment leader believes in leadership through cooperation, not sole arbitrary power. While serving in the military, I realized how important technology and social networking were to meeting peoples individual emotional needs outside of the workplace. But this did not mean that it negatively or positively affected the way they would become leaders or followers. In order to keep up with this transfer of knowledge, technology, and other information, I had to adapt as an environmental leader. As I progressed and took initiative on how to effectively lead in variable environments, I realized that each person has various environments that derive different aspects from their own sole, and each of these aspects is motivated by charging emotional perceptions within each environment. Not only did I have to create an algorithm through schooling and cognizance where people filled each others emotional desires and become more aware of when, and how they can alter personal and collective emotional excellence. Being an environmental leader, I accomplished this by knowing why people respond to their environment instead of acting intelligently. Being an environmental leader is nothing regarding altering the mentality of the group or individuals under you, but in the cultivation of your surrounding that brings out the prime results and inspires the people in that community. Negate the capability to sway others to do things they are not committed to, but rather to discipline a culture that thrives on the drive and even excites people to perform what is mandated for the benefit of all. Its all about success through cooperation, not by an arbitrary leader who dictates everything including making decisions on behalf of everyone. CONCLUSION Motivation has a lot of power in and of itself. Deciding which particular type or theory-or plurality of types and theoriesof motivation is a hard choice, but if you scrutinize enough, you can be an effective leader in an ethical way. Leadership is not just something that someone is born with. Relative to the aforementioned theories, types, and sub-types of motivations, one can effectively learn to use those types in order to be a good leader. I was never born a leader. I was always a follower. That is, until I joined the U.S. Marine Corps. But leading does not just entail an individual that leads. It is much more. It can be a plurality of employees or people that work together to lead for the benefit of all underneath them. Industrial psychology helps explicate which theories or types of motivation there are, as well as why certain categories of motivation are chosen by employees in the workplace.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale: Novel and Film Essay -- Compare

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale: Novel and Film The Handmaid's Tale, a science-fiction novel written by Margaret Atwood, focuses on women's rights and what could happen to them in the future. This novel was later made into a movie in 1990. As with most cases of books made into movies, there are some similarities and differences between the novel and the film. Overall the film tends to stay on the same track as the book with a few minor details changed, and only two major differences. Atwood sets the story not too far into the future, and the women have lost almost all of their rights. The original government was overthrown and taken over by Christian religious fundamentalists that believed that society was corrupt and women were not taking advantage of their "biological duties." The society now is women staying at home, servants, or "Unwomen", who are the women who are declared infertile and did not have any social status. The "Unwomen" are sent to the "colonies," which are toxic waste sites, to work, and the life expectancy there is less than three years. The main character, Offred (Kate was her real name), is a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead. Handmaids are the few fertile women left in the United States, and are sent to households and become pregnant by the man of the house and are trained for giving birth at the "Red Center." Offred is sent to a house of a powerful Commander. The Commander also has a Wife that lives in the house. The other servants in t he house are Rita and Cora, the Marthas who do the cooking and housework, and Nick the chauffer, who later becomes Offred's lover. Offred is allowed to leave the house once a day to run grocery errands with a walking friend, Ofglen, who is another handmaid. Off... ...h the arranged marriages and Handmaids. He also says, "Sometimes when you try to make things better, it's not better for everyone." In the movie, the reasoning is approached the same type of way. Offred tries to ask the Commander about why the government changed and he replies Nobody knew how to feel anything anymore...about respect, reverence, values you can feel in your heart, or in your case, your womb. What the Commander says here is almost the same as what he says in the book: some women could not fulfill their destinies because of how society had become corrupted. Generally, the film follows the storyline of Atwood's book quite well other than a few exceptions. The changes the movie made probably do work better just because of the fact that it is a movie. Some things are better explained in books than they could ever be explained in a movie.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

English Proficiency Conclusion

Conclusions On the basis of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. A great majority of the respondents are male, graduates of public high schools, and pursuing the degree program Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE). 2. When the respondents are grouped according to the variable gender, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient.When they are grouped according to the variable type of high school attended, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. When the respondents are grouped according to the variable degree program, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. 3. The respondents do not differ significantly in their skills in asking questions and in responding to questions when they are grouped according to the variable gender.In other words, the male respondents’ ability to ask questions and to respond to questions does not differ from that of the female respondents’ ability to perform the same grammar skills. On the other hand, the respondents differ significantly in their skills in combining sentences and in expanding sentences when they are grouped according to the variable gender. That is, the male respondents’ ability to combine sentences and to expand sentences differs from that of the female respondents’ ability to perform said grammar skills.As to the variable type of high school attended, the respondents do not differ significantly in their skills in asking questions, in responding to questions, in combining sentences, and in expanding sentences. That is, the private high school graduates’ ability to ask questions, to respond to questions, to combine sentences, and to expand sentences do not differ from that of the public high school graduates’ ability to perform said grammar skills.When the respondents are grouped according t o their respective degree programs/sections, they differ significantly in their skills in asking questions, in combining sentences, and in expanding sentences but there is no significant difference in their skills in responding to questions. In other words, the respondents from each of the three sections differ from each other in their ability to perform said grammar skills.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Great Crash 1929, by John Kenneth Galbraith essays

The Great Crash 1929, by John Kenneth Galbraith essays In his book The Great Crash 1929, John Kenneth Galbraith, a foremost economist, examines the implication of the stock market crash of 1929 which has become a persistent fear for Wall Street ever since. A not too distant downturn of the market, in 1987, was compared to the Great Crash in the introduction, added for this release (1988). For instance, how many economists and investors alike were watching to see if the protections put in place to stop this kind of crash would work and prevent a repeat of 1929. They did appear to work and many believe that a crash, such as occurred in 1929, is entirely impossible given the current structure of the market and of governmental safeguards and other controls now in place. Galbraith finds that what happened in 1929 was not an isolated incident, he notes that earlier in history there had been other exploratory splurges. He notes, later in the book, an instance as early as beginning in 1637 when Dutch speculators invested in tulip bulbs. Ga lbraith also comments that we were going through a similar period, at the time his writing, but he makes no solid predictions about the outcome. Galbraith begins in 1928 as President Calvin Coolidge saw only optimism after the boom period of the 1920s and failed to see the storm that was coming. The 1920s was an excellent time, and people were showing a tremendous desire to get rich quickly. Stock speculation was one of the results. The stock market boom was evident by the middle of the decade, although it is not possible to say precisely when it started. By 1927 the increase in speculation was obvious. This was occurring as Britain was becoming an unappealing place to spend money because of a long series of exchange crises, and The United States benefited greatly. It was believed by many that the prices of common stocks were only catching up with the increase in corporate earnings. Galbraith perceives this as a mass exodus into the l...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Lowell Whores essays

Lowell Whores essays A womans place is in the home. She should be there for her husband to feed and clothe him after his long day at work. She should be there for her children to care for them and teach them the ways of the social world. She should never venture off somewhere where her purity will be tainted and her mind and soul forever fouled. But then again, the family does need money and all the boys are already gone. Those new Lowell textile factories might not be such a bad idea. After all, the girl has been taught well and was born with natural wholesomeness that will keep her strong yet submissive. But what exactly does that mean to be strong yet submissive? It is like saying that something is fun but boring. It really makes no sense. Once someone has strengthened his/her morale, it would be very difficult to go back to that submissive fashion. Strength creates confidence and confidence allows for free speech and action. And it is those renaissance ideas a woman speaking and acting her mind that so scared every man and mentally enslaved woman that lived before the 20th century. But there was no stopping it. It was a juggernaut and it would forever change the notion of woman. Before the War of 1812, a man by the name of Cabot Lowell toured Great Britain. He checked out all the textile factories and realized what a profit he could make back in the New World. But he knew that the people of the New World were not always so accepting of the ideas of the old world. In America, people had grown accustomed to their new ways and did not want to have anything to do with any old fashioned notions. But this textile industry was not old fashioned. It was actually quite modern, and the impact that it would have in the New World would be one that was never dreamed of before. Lowell knew that women would be the best type of workforce for a textile factory. And in America, there were many farm girls...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Challenges Using the AQHR Reseac Paradigm at an Outpatient VA Menral Essay

Challenges Using the AQHR Reseac Paradigm at an Outpatient VA Menral Health - Essay Example (WHO, 2007).Other benefits are; reduced stigma, better access to health care since the patient will be treated for co-morbid conditions such as Hiv /Aids , cancer and diabetes. Using this model enhances easier communication with practitioners and better follow-up of mental health disorders. Integrating of mental health care in primary care systems ensures early detection and prevention of mental health disorders (WHO, 2007). There are a number of challenges in using ARHQ recommendations. Time availability is a major challenge and it leads to overworking of the health care workers due to diverse health care programs. Increasing the number of health care providers can help in solving this challenge. The primary health care providers can also feel uncomfortable when dealing with mental disorders. Reluctance when working with mental disorders is also expected (WHO, 2007). Absence of a good referral system between primary health care and secondary care institutions is another challenge as it reduces the effectiveness of mental health care offered at primary care level (WHO, 2007).Another challenge is organization barriers which include lack of administrative support and appreciation of such research paradigm (Cook and Grant, 2002). Therefore, implementing of this research paradigm may be prevented by bad administrative policies. Organizational barriers are in the form of resistance to change and addition of new responsibilities. Lack of enough infrastructure and staff is another challenge and strengthening of the existing health care institutions can help in solving this challenge. This will involve enabling primary health care centers to offer mental health care services. More medical staff should be trained and recruited to increase competence and quality of services offered, Training of human resource ensures easy identification and treatment of mental disorders. However, this requires more resources which may not be available. Lack of sufficient funding is a

Friday, November 1, 2019

The UAE Labour Law Court Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The UAE Labour Law Court Cases - Assignment Example Various cases have been registered and are being registered against people signing dishonoured cheques. Manu have been imprisoned in the jail of Dubai due to the offense of issuing cheques more than their held funds that was later identified to be bounced, with little significance to the underlying causes of such actions, which further makes the law quite stringent and proves to be much effective in restricting any intended or unintended forgery to repaying debts. There are few landmark cases identified in the article, where 48 years old Emirati, named Ahmad Abdullah, was imprisoned as he failed to hold sufficient balance to clear the cheques owing to the failure of his business. As the chain of cheques being dishonoured continued, Mr. Abdullah’s imprisonment also extended in terms of duration, to an indefinite period until his debts are repaid completely. Another case of a 28 year old European named Yousuf was imprisoned for nine years of signing dishonoured cheques in favour of his employer organisation that was later categorised as a typical example in Dubai. He was a simple accountant of a real estate firm in Dubai and signed several cheques as a part of his daily duty. But with the collapse of the firm, many of the company lenders filed a case against him as he had issued those cheques.  As affirmed in the article, the motive behind enacting the law under Article 401 of the UAE Penal Code has been to restrict individuals from committing forgery in the form of borrowing. This makes it justified as to why the sentences given for imprisonment are strict and prolonged. As affirmed by Jafar Al Touq, a professional lawyer in the UAE, â€Å"Those who think that sitting in jail without paying a loan is a temporary, short-term way out of debt are absolutely wrong. Otherwise, I will also do the same thing - borrow, then stay in jail for a while and keep the money† (Hilotin, 2012). I agree to this term but would also like to suggest certain degree of remittance for the accused, as in often cases, taking the example of Yousuf, who was an accountant in a firm and had to serve the punishment sentence for singing dishonoured cheques as a part of his job, the debtors fall under a false

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Business Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Risk Management - Assignment Example 132). The average of three hundred and fifty dollars they receive is as too low to cater for the needs and demand of their families. Working hours and salaries: Within the last ten months, all the three Apple factories operating in China exceeded both the Chinese legal limits on working hours and the fair labor association standards. The fair labor association allows a maximum of sixty working hours per week, including both standard shifts and paid overtime. According to its survey, the Apple branches in China broke this rule by subjecting its employees to more than maximum working time per week. Though the workers are forced to work over the limits allowed by both the government and the fair labor association, Apple own investigation has shown that most of its facilities located in foreign countries broke legal limits by failing to pay proper overtime wages as stipulated by the law(Sad grove, 2005, p. 338). The fair labor associations found that almost a quarter of Foxconn’s workers do not get the compensation they are owed for unscheduled overtime. Health and safety: Almost half of the employees surveyed, by the fair labor federation, said that they were either experiencing or witnessing some kind of work related accident. Before FLA investigations, Foxconn recorded only accidents that resulted to production stoppages (Pickett, 2006, p. 275). This has for a long time led to torture of many of its workers, who had no one to return to their rescue. Prevention of underage labor: In its 2006 audit, Apple Company placed some of its findings on its website. Its current reports, on breach of labor and human rights including the use of underage workers, indicated that in more than hundred of its facilities, excessive work hours were a common thing and that most of those facilities failed to pay proper overtime wages (Froeb & McCann, 2009, p. 204).

Monday, October 28, 2019

William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare Essay In the Elizabethan time period 1589-95 Sir William Shakespeare a playwright wrote the play Romeo and Juliet. The play is often thought of as a love story however it is actually far more concerned with violence, death and fate than it is with love. Romeo and Juliet is highly regarded as one of Shakespeares best plays, even as one of the worlds finest love stories. However the play has many other themes of conflict, violence and inevitable tragedy. The play title immediately introduces the theme of love, and the not the darker side of the play, as the name Romeo and Juliet refers to two lovers and nothing else. The play also includes the constant mentioning of the inevitable tragedy. In this essay I will be looking at the themes of forbidden love, family feuds, and revenge that come between the relationship of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet to answer the question of how violence and conflict are introduced by finding evidence to support each theme. I will then conclude by answering the question as a whole. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon. He married Anne Hathaway in 1882 and had two children. Hamnet and Judith. William Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. Shakespeare used a variety of sources for his dramas. The story of Romeo and Juliet was by all accounts taken from the poem, The tragic history of Romeus and Juliet written by Arthur Brooke, though the original story may be derived from the Greek author, Xenophon. The play was published in quarto form in 1597 so it is safe to assume that the play may have been written a couple of years earlier, during the first stage of his career. The Quartos contained single plays and were sold for a sixpence each. The play is unusual in that it is a tragedy, for the bulk of his writing in the early years were comedies and histories. Romeo and Juliet marry at a young age of 14 and 15, which links to the time period of the fifteen hundreds as young marriages were not uncommon. In Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes the theme of revenge to give the play action and tragedy. Romeo blames himself for the death of Mercutio, and is resentful of Tybalts insults; he fears that his love for Juliet has weakened his courage. After witnessing Mercutios death, Romeo vows to slay Tybalt. And red-eyed fury may be my conduct now! Romeo says here how he is filled with anger and wants revenge, and he may behave with his anger now. Red-eyed, shows he is filled with anger and rage and that he is ruling with his heart and not his logic. Either thou, or I, or both must go with him. Romeo angrily says here that they will fight and one of them or both of them will die and join Mercutio. Romeo thinks this should happen as he has lost a friend and will fight, no matter what the outcomes is, to avenge Mercutio. Both outcomes of the fight will create a tragedy because Romeo will either die or be banished. Romeos revenge leads to a violent and tragic end to Tybalts life. Violence is introduced through Romeos hunt for revenge. Another example of revenge is when Tybalt spots Romeo at Juliets marriage party. He wants revenge and goes in search of Romeo to fight him. Boy shall not excuse his injuries that thou hast done me, therefore turn and draw. Tybalt wants to cause Romeo pain for intruding at Juliets party and will fight others to get to Romeo. This is shown when Tybalt ten kills Mercutio, which leads onto the next scene of revenge. This is also an example of the theme of inevitable tragedy. Shakespeare weaves inevitable tragedy into many acts in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare shows this immediately in the prologue as well as saying that the theme of inevitable tragedy will continue as the play goes on. A pair of star crossed lovers, (the phrase puts forward the fact that the two lovers are doomed from the start. The phrase means love is blind. This shows how the two lovers are in love, and this makes them do things that they would normally suggest other people to do otherwise.)